Called the black hole information paradox, this prospect follows from hawkings landmark 1974 discovery about black holes regions of inescapable gravity, where spacetime curves steeply toward a central point known as the singularity. Papadodimas k and raju s 2014 black hole interior in the holographic correspondence and the information paradox phys. The black hole information paradox stefano antonini, john martyn, gautam nambiar december 14, 2018 1 introduction and motivation the 1970s saw the emergence of many revolutionary ideas in black hole physics. Black hole evolution matter in a pure quantum state black hole outgoing thermal radiation gravitational collapse. Hawking had shown that black holes are not truly black. This paradox was first noted by hawking around 1974, when he looked at the nature of radiation emitted by black holes. Mar 29, 2018 the black hole information paradox, however, is that all the information that was imprinted on the event horizon of the black hole, once it evaporates, has left no trace in our observable universe. The black hole information paradox santa barbara 2012. This is expected to be an intensive 2week course, with lectures, tutorials and discussions.
Breaking this entanglement would release inconceivable amounts of energy, thus creating a searing black hole firewall at the black hole event horizon. On the mathematical analysis of blackhole information. Some scientists suggest that the entanglement must somehow get immediately broken between the infalling particle and the outgoing particle. When physicists talk information, theyre on about the specific state of every single particle in the. The black hole information paradox arises from an apparent conflict between the hawk ing black hole radiation and the fact that time evolution in quantum.
We conclude with recent results on the quantum physics of black holes which show. It seems that the apparently irreducible paradoxes force us to give up on at least one wellestablished principle. The black hole information paradox university of virginia. Starting from the schwarzschild metric, finding kruskal coordinates to cover the spacetime, and making a penrose. The link below will download a pdf file that is approximately 35 pages long, and has a table of contents that can be clicked on to go to various questions. This article represents a lightning introduction to the black hole information paradox. The problem with black holes is that according to einsteins general theory of relativity, because of what we know about how gravity interacts with the universe and everything in it, all information that crosses the boundary of a black hole called the event horizon is lost forever. Gian lectures on the black hole information paradox. By applying general relativity and quantum field theory on curved spacetime, hawking arrives at the conclusion that the information is lost in the.
The most famous of these conundrums is the information paradox, which is based on the following thought experiment. Classically, all the information making the black hole has fallen inside. The hawking temperature of a black hole is such that the wien wave length corresponds to the radius of the black hole itself. Pdf the black hole information paradox researchgate.
So the information paradox is a combination of two observations. On the mathematical analysis of blackhole information loss paradox s. Fuzzballs and the information paradox 2007 fuzzballs. The black hole information paradox is a phenomenon in astrophysics. Hawking, information loss in black holes, hepth0507171 norihiro tanahashi department of physics, kyoto university december 26, 2005 abstract the information paradox of black holes was raised in 1975 by s. Pdf black hole information paradox resolution george. Oct, 2018 the information paradox arose from hawkings theoretical argument back in the 1970s that black holes have a temperature. Mathur1 department of physics, the ohio state university, columbus, oh 43210, usa abstract the black hole information paradox is a very poorly understood problem. It is when quantum mechanics and general relativity are put together this phenomenon states that the information a physical system has can be lost when it enters a black hole. The case of black holes is similar to this latter situation, where one has to keep track of variables that involve pairs of dbranes, rather than single dbranes. We start with black hole thermodynamics, rindler space.
Nov 19, 2019 abstractions black hole information paradox black holes physics theoretical physics like cosmic hard drives, black holes pack troves of data into compact spaces. Dec 07, 2018 the black hole information paradox is the idea the hawking radiation may be deleting quantum information, defying our preconceived understanding of quantum mechanics. Hawking s claim that a black hole consumes infor mation has drawn attention to a potentially serious con. The black hole information paradox umd department of computer. The black hole information paradox lecture 1 samir d. Stephen hawking just published a new solution to the black.
The black hole information paradox and the collapse of the. The information paradox, first found by hawking in 1975, is perhaps the most important issue in fu. We concentrate on resolutions restoring naive unitarity. The trouble is that while the former suggests that information of a system falling into a black hole disappears, the latter implies that information must be conserved. Most people know that if you fell into a black hole, youd never get out. His argument was based on the fact that particle emission from a. The black hole information paradox arises from an apparent conflict between the hawking black hole radiation and the fact that time evolution in quantum mechanics is unitary. Black holes, hawking radiation, universiteit utrecht. An overview of the black hole information paradox is given together with a possible resolution for the problem. Hologram within a hologram hints at fate of black holes. Revisiting the black hole entropy and the information paradox.
We expect that the resolution to this paradox, or its con rmation, lies in a full quantum theory of gravity. This image was the first direct visual evidence of a supermassive black hole and its shadow. The information paradox hawking argument can be made rigorous inequality arxiv. In 1991, hawking and kip thorne bet preskill that information that falls into a black hole gets destroyed and can never be retrieved. Thus we begin by working out the spacetime geometry of the black hole. The firewall phenomenon was proposed in 2012 by physicists ahmed almheiri, donald marolf, joseph polchinski, and james sully as a possible solution to an apparent inconsistency in black hole complementarity. In this analogy, you can only separate the dbranes when they.
The black hole information paradox, however, is that all the information that was imprinted on the event horizon of the black hole, once it evaporates, has left no trace in our observable universe. Jun 20, 2018 in fact every black hole in the universe, no matter how it formed or what happened to it afterwards, can be perfectly described with only three properties. Welcome to this set of lectures on the black hole information paradox. A black hole firewall is a hypothetical phenomenon where an observer falling into a black hole encounters highenergy quanta at or near the event horizon. The black hole information paradox and the collapse of the wave function.
The black hole information paradox is a puzzle resulting from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity. The information paradox arises because of the creation of hawking radiation. Here is a list of questions that i have often encountered about the fuzzball paradigm of black holes. What im talking about is the black hole information paradox. The focus is on broad perspective and providing a guide to current literature rather than presenting full details. This is the essence of the black hole information paradox bhip. The black hole information paradox arises from an apparent con. On the other hand, hawking radiation implies that the black hole emits thermal radiation. Lectures on quantum gravity and black holes thomas hartman cornell university please email corrections and suggestions to.
After an introduction into the various concepts, the information paradox is addressed and explored by means of a toy model for the hawking radiation. Black hole entropy gas with entropy s suppose we throw a box of gas into a black hole. Black holes and the information paradox what happens to the information in matter destroyed by a black hole. Black hole thermodynamics, hawking radiation and information. For all practical purposes, however, the information is lost. You might even know that, in theory, youd be stretched so much by the extreme gravity that youd be spaghettified. This puzzle is known as the black hole information. If n is a thousand, you need a megabit of information. An initially pure quantum state by collapsing to a black hole and then evaporating completely evolves to a mixed state, i. The consensus about the solution of the information paradox is not yet reached, and it is not yet clear what can we learn about quantum gravity from these and the related research. Hawkings work on black holes showed that general relativity and quantum mechanics contradict each other. The black hole firewall hypothesis says a black hole would.
Box 80 006 3508 ta utrecht, the netherlands abstract the physical degrees of freedom and the dynamics of their evolution at the planck length are investigated by performing thought experiments with black holes. It should also give a precise explanation for the entropy of a black hole. We give a brief overview of the black hole information problem emphasizing fundamental issues and recent proposals for its resolution. The black hole information paradox college of arts and. Hawking added to the puzzle when he discovered that a black hole will. The information about the ingoing particles is returned, but in a highly scrambled, chaotic and useless form. As such, theyre bound to evaporate over time until theres nothing left. If we make the coupling large, we expected a black hole but in all the cases that have been worked out, we always get a fuzzball 2 charge extremal solved completely, 3 charge extremal, near extremal. Because of the radiation process of the black hole, the previously pure state of the matter inside.
Black hole entropy gas with entropy s suppose we throw a box of gas into a black hole the gas disappears, and we seem to have reduced the entropy of the universe have we violated the second law of thermodynamics. These can be argued to lead to an unacceptable infinite production rate of such black holes in. This radiation arises because the black hole has a horizon, inside which the time coordinate t actually becomes spacelike. The black hole information paradox and the black hole entropy are currently extensively researched. The information paradox arose from hawkings theoretical argument back in the 1970s that black holes have a temperature. Oct 29, 2015 what im talking about is the black hole information paradox. That black holes are the ultimate vaults, entities that suck in information and then evaporate without leaving behind any clues as to what they once contained. Now, though, several noted black hole physicists think they may be closing in on a solution. Pdf the black hole information paradox and the collapse.
Black holes quantum theory hawkings work on black holes showed that general relativity and quantum mechanics contradict each other this puzzle is known as the black hole information paradox einstein heisenberg hawking. When something falls into a black hole, one cannot expect it. It is often believed that hawkings argument is not precisely formulated, and a more careful accounting of. Searching for that answer, physicists are groping toward a quantum theory of gravity by leonard susskind 52 scientific american april 1997 black holes and the information paradox black hole s surface looks to. Some consider this to be the real black hole information paradox 72. Black hole evolution, as viewed by a distant observer, is described. Yet after 45 years of grappling with this black hole information paradox, no one has pinpointed the alleged misstep in hawkings calculation. Firstly we take a brief look into the history of black holes, some of the most useful mathematical. The black hole information paradox, stephen hawkings. The information paradox has arisen when hawking wrote down his theory for radiating black holes.
Malcolm perry, a professor of theoretical physics at cambridge and a coauthor on the paper, black hole entropy and soft hair, said the information paradox was. But ever since stephen hawking calculated in 1974 that these dense spheres of extreme gravity give off heat and fade away, the fate of their stored information has haunted physicists. Black holes, hawking radiation, and the firewall for cs229. The black hole information paradox is the idea the hawking radiation may be deleting quantum information, defying our preconceived understanding of quantum mechanics. In this case, the information paradox would be solved. The black hole information paradox, however, is that all the information that was imprinted on the event horizon of the black hole, once it evaporates, has left no. Moreover, a problem seems to occur long before the complete evaporation, since the black hole entropy seems to increase during evaporation, until the page time is reached 77. The black hole information paradox is a very poorly understood problem. Pdf the black hole information paradox and the collapse of.
In fact every black hole in the universe, no matter how it formed or what happened to it afterwards, can be perfectly described with only three properties. The black hole information paradox college of arts and sciences. The assumptions underlying remnants, namely unitarity and causality, would imply that reissner nordstrom black holes have infinite internal states. Black hole evolution matter in a pure quantum state black hole outgoing thermal radiation gravitational collapse hawking effect. A concise survey of the black hole information paradox and its current status is given. Stephen hawkings last paper on black holes is now online. Calculations suggest that physical information could permanently disappear in a black hole, allowing many physical states to devolve into the same state. After information conserving arguments from adscft correspondence and an analyses of the page curve and strong subadditivity, another. On behalf of the organizers and the faculty participating in the programme, welcome to the gian course on the black hole information paradox. The link below will download a pdf file that is approximately 35 pages long, and has a table of contents that can.
Pdf the black hole information paradox semantic scholar. The black hole information paradox and the collapse of the wave. Black hole information paradox simple english wikipedia. Mar, 2020 black hole in m87 black hole at the centre of the massive galaxy m87, about 55 million lightyears from earth, as imaged by the event horizon telescope eht. Jul 05, 2018 this heady problem dates 14 mar 2018 physicists thought they resolved the paradox in 2004 with the notion of black hole complementarity. Black holes and the information paradox in string theory. The black hole information paradox the paradox arose after hawking showed, in 19741975, that black holes surrounded by quantum fields actually will radiate particles hawking radiation and shrink in size figure 4, eventually evaporating completely. Revisiting the black hole entropy and the information paradox arxiv. A summary is also given of recent arguments against remnants. This in turn, will determine varying delays in the emission of wave packets. According to this proposal, information that 29 mar 2018 the black hole information paradox, stephen hawkings greatest puzzle two leads to an information paradox that has not yet been resolved.
113 1263 1109 184 641 1103 412 826 603 929 878 1130 1046 1220 1350 1102 768 1169 1125 831 386 863 277 488 347 28 416 373 361 923 520 181 1320 691 1122 791 1331 18 394 441